Ovarian cysts are sacs filled with fluid which are present in or on the ovaries. They are very common, and as such, many women will develop them at some point in their lifetime. Most ovarian cysts occur naturally as a result of the normal menstrual cycle functional cysts and during the childbearing years.
Usually, these cysts are harmless and will disappear naturally on their own after a few months, without the need for medical attention. Ovarian cyst symptoms are very similar to those found in women with PCOS, such as irregular or non-existent periods, acne and weight gain.
Other ovarian cyst symptoms may include pelvic pain , high blood pressure, lower back pain, abdominal pressure and nausea. It has been found that women with ovarian cysts usually do not have much difficulty getting pregnant, whereas it is common for those with PCOS to struggle. Ovarian cysts can be identified during an ultrasound scan. Treatment for ovarian cysts will be dependent on:. Cysts often disappear without intervention or treatment, but in the more serious cases, such as if they are large or potentially cancerous, a procedure will be used to surgically remove the ovarian cysts.
Pathological cysts are caused by abnormal cell growth and are not related to the menstrual cycle. They can develop before and after the menopause. Pathological cysts develop from either the cells used to create eggs or the cells that cover the outer part of the ovary.
Pathological cysts are usually non-cancerous, but a small number are cancerous malignant and often surgically removed. In some cases, ovarian cysts are caused by an underlying condition, such as endometriosis. Endometriosis occurs when pieces of the tissue that line the womb endometrium are found outside the womb in the fallopian tubes, ovaries, bladder, bowel, vagina or rectum.
Blood-filled cysts can sometimes form in this tissue. Polycystic ovary syndrome PCOS is a condition that causes lots of small, harmless cysts to develop on your ovaries. Abnormal changes in the follicle of the ovary after an egg has been released can cause the egg's escape opening to seal off. Fluid accumulates inside the follicle, and a corpus luteum cyst develops. Most ovarian cysts develop as a result of your menstrual cycle functional cysts. Other types of cysts are much less common.
Your ovaries normally grow cyst-like structures called follicles each month. Follicles produce the hormones estrogen and progesterone and release an egg when you ovulate.
If a normal monthly follicle keeps growing, it's known as a functional cyst. There are two types of functional cysts:. Functional cysts are usually harmless, rarely cause pain, and often disappear on their own within two or three menstrual cycles. Dermoid cysts and cystadenomas can become large, causing the ovary to move out of position. This increases the chance of painful twisting of your ovary, called ovarian torsion.
Ovarian torsion may also result in decreasing or stopping blood flow to the ovary. Ovulation is the release of an egg from one of the ovaries. It often happens about midway through the menstrual cycle, although the exact timing may vary. In preparation for ovulation, the lining of the uterus, or endometrium, thickens. The pituitary gland in the brain stimulates one of the ovaries to release an egg.
The wall of the ovarian follicle ruptures at the surface of the ovary. The egg is released. Finger-like structures called fimbriae sweep the egg into the neighboring fallopian tube. The egg travels through the fallopian tube, propelled in part by contractions in the fallopian tube walls. Here in the fallopian tube, the egg may be fertilized by a sperm. If the egg is fertilized, the egg and sperm unite to form a one-celled entity called a zygote.
As the zygote travels down the fallopian tube toward the uterus, it begins dividing rapidly to form a cluster of cells called a blastocyst, which resembles a tiny raspberry. When the blastocyst reaches the uterus, it implants in the lining of the uterus and pregnancy begins.
If the egg isn't fertilized, it's simply reabsorbed by the body — perhaps before it even reaches the uterus.
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